{"id":250,"date":"2022-02-26T18:46:36","date_gmt":"2022-02-13T21:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/vorlage-2-4-2\/"},"modified":"2022-02-28T17:10:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T16:10:52","slug":"papaver-somniferum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/papaver-somniferum\/","title":{"rendered":"Papaver somniferum"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,20,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-250","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all","category-dicotyledons","category-papaveraceae"],"grid":"{\r\n \"colCount\": 14,\r\n \"colGutter\": 1,\r\n \"rowGutters\": [\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3\r\n ],\r\n \"frameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"leftFrameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"rightFrameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"topFrameMargin\": 100,\r\n \"bottomFrameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"rowAttrs\": [\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {}\r\n ],\r\n \"bgColor\": null,\r\n \"cont\": [\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

PAPAVERACEAE<\/p>

Papaver somniferum<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>

- the sleeping beauty<\/strong><\/h1>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 0,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 11,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 6,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 4,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/flower.svg\",\r\n \"align\": \"bottom\",\r\n \"row\": 0,\r\n \"col\": 12,\r\n \"colspan\": 2,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 1,\r\n \"relid\": 345,\r\n \"attid\": 183,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/flower.svg\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 1280,\r\n \"h\": 1280,\r\n \"ar\": 1,\r\n \"alt\": \"\",\r\n \"lightboxoff\": true,\r\n \"classes\": \"project-icon\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 1,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 8,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Classification<\/strong><\/h1>

The Papaver somniferum <\/em>L., opium poppy or breadseed poppy, is a dicotyledonous plant in the family Papaveraceae. In addition to the species Papaver <\/em>somniferum<\/em>, there are many other species within the genus, such as Papaver dubium<\/em> or Papaver<\/em> rhoeas <\/em>to name only two. <\/em>The family of the Papaveraceae belongs to the order of Ranunculales. In total there are 260 species of Papaveraceae divided into 26 genera.<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 2,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 7,\r\n \"relid\": 107,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 3,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 9\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Papaver_somniferum.png\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 4,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 5,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 778,\r\n \"attid\": 252,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Papaver_somniferum.png\",\r\n \"_512\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Papaver_somniferum-512x617.png\",\r\n \"_265\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Papaver_somniferum-265x319.png\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 744,\r\n \"h\": 897,\r\n \"ar\": 1.2056451612903225,\r\n \"alt\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Structure<\/b><\/h1>

The Papaver somniferum<\/em> is an herbaceous plant with growth heights up to 90 cm. Their petals have a white coloration but can also be colored in purple or sometimes red. There could be a black spot in the middle of the petals. The inflorescences are radial and consist of two sepals and 2 x 2 petals. The stem of <\/span>Papaver <\/em>somniferum<\/em> is coarse hairy which separates it from <\/span>Papaver dubium<\/em> and it contains poisonous latex. At its top, it carries only one flower which can reach a diameter of up to 10 centimeters. During the flowering period, there are three stages that the <\/span>Papaver somniferum<\/em> goes through: the bud, the flower and the capsule. The capsule is hairless and firm shaped like an egg. It also contains the milky latex.<\/span><\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 4,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 2,\r\n \"relid\": 5,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 5,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 10\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Papaver_somniferum.png\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 6,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 5,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 1521,\r\n \"attid\": 253,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Papaver_somniferum.png\",\r\n \"_512\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Papaver_somniferum-512x271.png\",\r\n \"_265\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Papaver_somniferum-265x140.png\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 642,\r\n \"h\": 340,\r\n \"ar\": 0.5295950155763239,\r\n \"alt\": \"\",\r\n \"caption\": \"

Fig: Distribution of Papaver somniferum worldwide. Green: Native; purple: Introduced (Source: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:673724-1)<\/p>\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Spatial distribution<\/b><\/h1>

The family Papaveraceae is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates in the northern hemisphere, but almost unknown in the tropics. Papaver somniferum<\/em> is probably indigenous in the Eastern Mediterranean but extensive cultivation and introduction of the species throughout Europe since ancient times have obscured its origin. It is one of the oldest cultivated plants in Europe due alleviating pain.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 6,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 2,\r\n \"relid\": 191,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 7,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 11\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Cultivation<\/b><\/h1>

Already the Greeks and Romans extracted the ingredients of the Papaver somniferum<\/em> and used them for the production of painkillers and sleeping pills. Since the Second World War cultivation in Germany has been subject to registration and strict requirements due to the opium trade. The USA and Singapore also have strict requirements. In Switzerland and Austria, on the other hand, cultivation is allowed.<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 8,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 7,\r\n \"relid\": 6\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 9,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 12\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Nutritionalvalue_Papaver_somniferum2.jpg\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 10,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 5,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 2194,\r\n \"attid\": 254,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Nutritionalvalue_Papaver_somniferum2.jpg\",\r\n \"_265\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Nutritionalvalue_Papaver_somniferum2-265x166.jpg\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 312,\r\n \"h\": 196,\r\n \"ar\": 0.6282051282051282,\r\n \"alt\": \"\",\r\n \"caption\": \"

https:\/\/naturkost.de\/naturkost-von-a-z\/bio-lebensmittel\/oelsaaten\/mohn\/<\/p>\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Nutritional value<\/b><\/h1>

The poppy seeds are still applied today as valuable food and are used as a spice for numerous pastries. The pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries also make use of the ingredients of the seeds. They contain a lot of calcium and vitamin B. However, since they also contain morphine, there are regulations regarding the amount per day that can be consumed. In rehabilitation clinics and prisons, poppy-containing foods are no longer eaten as drug tests may give false positive results. The protein content is balanced with 18 g per 100 g of poppy seeds, nevertheless the fat content is relatively high.<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 10,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 2,\r\n \"relid\": 7\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 11,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 14\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Nutritionalvalue_Papaver_somniferum1.jpg\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 12,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 3,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 3331,\r\n \"attid\": 255,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Nutritionalvalue_Papaver_somniferum1.jpg\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 161,\r\n \"h\": 237,\r\n \"ar\": 1.4720496894409938,\r\n \"alt\": \"\",\r\n \"caption\": \"

https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/wissen\/archaeologie-altertum\/schlafmohn-samen-aus-dem- sechsten-jahrtausend-vor-christus-in-europa-entdeckt-17091039.html<\/p>\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Special features<\/h1>

Thebain is contained in the capsule and stalk of the poppy, which can contaminate the poppy seeds during the processing of the poppy. Thebain is an opiate alkaloid, which has been insufficiently studied regarding to its toxicological effect. However, it is known that juice of Papaver somniferum<\/em> is also used as a drug.<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 12,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 4,\r\n \"relid\": 13\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n}","phonegrid":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}