{"id":245,"date":"2022-02-26T17:29:37","date_gmt":"2022-02-13T21:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/vorlage-2-3\/"},"modified":"2022-04-06T09:45:30","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T07:45:30","slug":"halophila_ovalis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/halophila_ovalis\/","title":{"rendered":"Halophila ovalis"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":339,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,23,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-245","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all","category-hydrocharitaceae","category-monocotyledons"],"grid":"{\r\n \"colCount\": 14,\r\n \"colGutter\": 1,\r\n \"rowGutters\": [\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3,\r\n 3\r\n ],\r\n \"frameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"leftFrameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"rightFrameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"topFrameMargin\": 100,\r\n \"bottomFrameMargin\": 5,\r\n \"rowAttrs\": [\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {},\r\n {}\r\n ],\r\n \"bgColor\": null,\r\n \"cont\": [\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

HALOPHILA<\/p>

Halophila ovalis<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>

\u2013 high morphological plasticity<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h1>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 0,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 11,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 6,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 4,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/flower.svg\",\r\n \"align\": \"bottom\",\r\n \"row\": 0,\r\n \"col\": 12,\r\n \"colspan\": 2,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 1,\r\n \"relid\": 345,\r\n \"attid\": 183,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/flower.svg\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 1280,\r\n \"h\": 1280,\r\n \"ar\": 1,\r\n \"alt\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 1,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 8,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Classification <\/strong><\/h1>

The Hydrocharitaceae, that mainly comprise genera restricted to freshwater habitats, also include three marine genera (Enhalus<\/em>, Halophila<\/em> and Thalassia<\/em>). The Halophila<\/em> section is known as one of the most complex taxonomic challenges. Phenotypic plasticity is a problem not only between populations, but also between species, at least for complex ones. Especially the Halophila ovalis <\/em>complex has little genetic variation but wide morphological plasticity <\/span>(Short et al. 2010)<\/span>. <\/span>Difficulties on morphological classification occur during species identification due to overlaps of morphological traits among species of Halophila<\/em>. Current phylogenetic relationships in the order Alismatales based on molecular data compared with morphological were studied more specifically for the Hydrocharitaceae family: In general, morphological data sets of seagrasses contain poor phylogenetic signals and an incongruence between DNA and morphological results are observed.<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 2,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 7,\r\n \"relid\": 107,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 3,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 9\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Halophilaovalis.jpg\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 4,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 404,\r\n \"attid\": 243,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Halophilaovalis.jpg\",\r\n \"_768\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Halophilaovalis-768x513.jpg\",\r\n \"_512\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Halophilaovalis-512x342.jpg\",\r\n \"_265\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Picture_Halophilaovalis-265x177.jpg\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 857,\r\n \"h\": 572,\r\n \"ar\": 0.6674445740956826,\r\n \"alt\": \"\",\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Structure<\/b><\/h1>

The leaf blade of Halophila ovalis<\/em> (R.Br.) Hook.f. is 1-4 cm long and 0.5-2.0 cm wide and is oval shaped. The leaf has no sheath, but two scales cover the base of the petiole. There are 10-28 branched cross veins and in some specimens there are small dark colored dots beside the mid vein. The leaf margin is smooth and there are no hairs on the leaf surface. Petioles are 0.4-8.0 cm in length and arise directly from the rhizome. Each petiole supports leaf pairs. Rhizomes are smooth, thin and light colored (http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2148\/14\/92<\/a>).<\/h1>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 4,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 5,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 5,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 10\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"img\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Halphilaovalis.png\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 6,\r\n \"col\": 1,\r\n \"colspan\": 5,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 1,\r\n \"relid\": 1159,\r\n \"attid\": 244,\r\n \"sizes\": {\r\n \"full\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Halphilaovalis.png\",\r\n \"_512\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Halphilaovalis-512x271.png\",\r\n \"_265\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Distribution_Halphilaovalis-265x140.png\"\r\n },\r\n \"w\": 605,\r\n \"h\": 320,\r\n \"ar\": 0.5289256198347108,\r\n \"alt\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Spatial distribution<\/b><\/h1>

See map.\u00a0<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 6,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 1,\r\n \"relid\": 191,\r\n \"frameOverflow\": \"\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 7,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 11\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Cultivation<\/b><\/h1>

Halophila<\/em> spp. grows at coastlines in the tropics and subtropics. Obviously, the physiological adaptations are more important than morphological ones and seagrasses must have evolved very special physiological mechanisms to deal with large fluctuations in salinity. Seagrasses generally have high light requirements, with an average of 10% of surface light. Some species, such as Halophila<\/em>, often grow in deeper water and have been shown to survive at approximately 5% of surface light. They can be cultivated in natural seawater in tropical conditions.<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 8,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 7,\r\n \"relid\": 6\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"middle\",\r\n \"row\": 9,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 12\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Nutritional value<\/b><\/h1>

It serves as an important spawning ground for several species.<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 10,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 7,\r\n \"relid\": 7\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"hr\",\r\n \"cont\": \"\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 11,\r\n \"col\": 0,\r\n \"colspan\": 14,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 0,\r\n \"relid\": 14\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"type\": \"text\",\r\n \"cont\": \"

Special features<\/h1>

The genus Halophila<\/em> is taxonomically one of the most challenging genera due its high plasticity and still under consideration (DOI: 10.1080\/14772000.2018.1483975, http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2148\/14\/92).<\/p>\",\r\n \"align\": \"top\",\r\n \"row\": 12,\r\n \"col\": 7,\r\n \"colspan\": 7,\r\n \"offsetx\": 0,\r\n \"offsety\": 0,\r\n \"spaceabove\": 0,\r\n \"spacebelow\": 0,\r\n \"yvel\": 1,\r\n \"push\": 7,\r\n \"relid\": 13\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n}","phonegrid":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global-textbook-of-botany.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}